#  Papers Prior to 2000 

 



 Bobo, Lawrence. 1999. [“Prejudice as Group Position: Micro-Foundations of a Sociological Approach to Racism and Race Relations.”](/file_url/202) *Journal of Social Issues* 55: 445-472.

 Bobo, Lawrence and Ryan A. Smith. 1998. " [From Jim Crow Racism to Lassiez-Faire Racism: The Transformation of Racial Attitudes in America](/file_url/165)[.](http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/bobo/pdf%20documents/JimCrow.pdf)" Pp. 182-220 in *Beyond Pluralism: Essays on the Conception of Groups and Group Identities in America*, edited by Wendy Katkin, Ned Landsman, and Andrea Tyree. Urbana, IL.: University of Illinois Press.

 Lawrence Bobo, James R. Kluegel, and Ryan A, Smith, "[Laissez-Faire Racism: The Crystallization of a Kinder, Gentler Anti-black Ideology.](/file_url/196)" Pp. 15-42 in *Racial Attitudes in the 1990s: Continuity and Change*, edited by S. A. Tuch and J. K. Martin. Greenwood, CT.: Praeger.

 Bobo, Lawrence and James R. Kluegel. 1997. “ [Status, Ideology and Dimensions of Whites’ Whites’ Racial Beliefs and Attitudes: Progress and Stagnation](/file_url/166)[.](http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/bobo/pdf%20documents/StatIdgy.pdf)” Pp. 93-120 in *Racial Attitudes in the 1990s: Continuity and Change*, edited by S. A. Tuch and J. K. Martin. Greenwood, CT.: Praeger.

 Bobo, Lawrence and Vincent L. Hutchings. 1996. “ [Perceptions of Racial Group Competition: Extending Blumer’s Theory of Group Position to a Multiracial Social Context](/file_url/167)[.](http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/bobo/pdf%20documents/PRacial.pdf)” *American Sociological Review* 61: 951-972. (Honorable Mention, Gordon W. Allport Award Competition).

 Zubrinsky, Camille L. and Lawrence Bobo. 1996. “ [Prismatic Metropolis: Race and Residential Segregation in the City of Angels](/file_url/168)[.](http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/bobo/pdf%20documents/PrismMet.pdf)” *Social Science Research* 25: 335-374.

 Bobo, Lawrence and Camille L. Zubrinsky. 1996. " [Attitudes on Residential Integration: Perceived Status Differences, Mere In-Group Preference, or Racial Prejudice?](/file_url/169)" *Social Forces* 74: 883-909.

 Sidanius, Jim, Felicia Pratto, and Lawrence Bobo. 1996. " [Racism, Conservatism, Affirmative Action and Intellectual Sophistication: A Matter of Principled Conservatism or Group Dominance?](/file_url/170)" *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology* 70:476-490.

 Johnson, James, Melvin Oliver, and Lawrence Bobo. 1994. "[Understanding the Contours of Deepening Urban Inequality: Theoretical Underpinnings and Research Design of a Multi-City Study](/file_url/189)." *Urban Geography* 15: 77-89.

 Bobo, Lawrence and James R. Kluegel. 1993. " [Opposition to Race-Targeting: Self-Interest, Stratification Ideology, or Racial Attitudes?](/file_url/171)" *American Sociological Review* 58: 443-464.

 Bobo, Lawrence. 1991. "[Social Responsibility, Individualism, and Redistributive Policies.](/file_url/194)" *Sociological Forum*. 6:1, 71-92.

 Bobo, Lawrence and Franklin D. Gilliam. 1990. " [Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Empowerment](/file_url/172)[.](http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/bobo/pdf%20documents/RaceSocio.pdf)" American Political Science Review 84: 377-393.

 Bobo, Lawrence. 1989. "[Keeping the linchpin in place: Testing the multiple sources of opposition to residential integration](/file_url/188)." *Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale* 2:3, 305-323.

 Bobo, Lawrence and Frederick C. Licari. 1989. " [Education and Political Tolerance: Testing the Effects of Cognitive Sophistication and Target Group Affect](/file_url/173)[."](http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/bobo/pdf%20documents/Education.pdf) Public Opinion Quarterly 53: 285-308.

 Bobo, Lawrence.1988. "[Group conflict, prejudice, and the paradox of contemporary racial attitudes."](/file_url/193) *Eliminating racism*. Springer US, 85-114.

 Bobo, Lawrence. 1988.  ["Attitudes Toward the Black Political Movement: Trends, Meaning, and Effects on Racial Policy Preferences](/file_url/174)[.](http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/bobo/pdf%20documents/Attitudes.pdf)" Social Psychology Quarterly 51: 287-302.

 Schuman, Howard and Lawrence Bobo. 1988. " [Survey-Based Experiments on White Racial Attitudes Toward Residential Integration](/file_url/175)[.](http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/bobo/pdf%20documents/SurveyBased.pdf)" American Journal of Sociology 94:273-299.

 Bobo, Lawrence. 1983. " [Whites' Opposition to Busing: Symbolic Racism or Realistic Group Conflict?](/file_url/176)" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45: 1196-1210. (Honorable Mention, Gordon W. Allport Award Competition)